Graphene has recently enabled the dramatic improvement of portable electronics and electric vehicles by providing better means for storing electricity. In this Review, we discuss the current status of graphene in energy storage and highlight ongoing research activities, with specific emphasis placed on the processing of graphene into electrodes, which is an essential step in the production of devices. We calculate the maximum energy density of graphene supercapacitors and outline ways for future improvements. We also discuss the synthesis and assembly of graphene into macrostructures, ranging from 0D quantum dots, 1D wires, 2D sheets and 3D frameworks, to potentially 4D self-folding materials that allow the design of batteries and supercapacitors with many new features that do not exist in current technology.

Nature Reviews Materials Article number: 16033 (2016)
doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.33

http://www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats201633

石墨烯已经为便携式电子器件和电动汽车提供了更好的储能方式，使它们的性能有了大幅提高。最近，加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的 Kaner 等讨论了目前石墨烯在储能方面的发展状况及未来研究方向，特别强调了制备石墨烯电极时的处理工艺。作者计算了石墨烯超级电容器的最大能力密度，列出了未来提高容量的方式方法。他们也讨论了石墨烯合成和组装成的不同微结构，如：零维的量子点、一维纳米线、二维纳米片、三维框架结构和四维自折叠材料等。这些形式为设计电池和超级电容器提供了更多前所未有的的新特征。（新材料在线）