In photosystem II, light-induced water oxidation occurs at the Mn4CaO5 cluster. Here we demonstrate proton releases, dioxygen formation, and substrate water incorporation in response to Mn4CaO5 oxidation in the protein environment, using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach and molecular dynamics simulations. In S2, H2O at the W1 site forms a low-barrier H-bond with D1-Asp61. In the S2-to-S3 transition, oxidation of OW1H?to OW1晼, concerted proton transfer from OW1H?to D1-Asp61, and binding of a water molecule Wn-W1 at OW1晼 are observed. In S4, W n -W1 facilitates oxo-oxyl radical coupling between OW1晼 and corner ?oxo O4. Deprotonation via D1-Asp61 leads to formation of OW1=O4. As OW1=O4 moves away from Mn, H2O at W539 is incorporated into the vacant O4 site of the O2-evolved Mn4CaO4 cluster, forming a ?oxo bridge (Mn3朞W539朚n4) in an exergonic process. Simultaneously, Wn-W1 is incorporated as W1, recovering the Mn4CaO5 cluster.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03545-w